魁蚶亲贝控温促熟试验

首次研究了魁蚶亲贝性腺室内控温促熟技术，３月中旬亲入池，人工控温，强化饲育２５－２８天，４月中下旬性腺成熟，排放精卵，比自然界提前３个月左右，水温１６℃以上是魁蚶亲贝性腺成熟的迅速期。１９９１年１１月专家鉴定认为，本研究属国内首次，居国内先进水平。     

油茶蒲栽培高温香菇的试验研究

为了有效利用我省丰富的油茶蒲资源,缓解近年食用菌栽培原材料上涨压力,研究以油茶蒲部分代替杂木屑栽培高温型香菇,以配方试验方式,探寻利用油茶蒲栽培香菇的配方技术。结果发现,以30％的油茶蒲代替杂木屑栽培香菇是可行的,香菇产量及品质与对照相比无显著差异。     

Culture of mantle epithelial cells expressing shell matrix proteins from scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

ABSTRACT:   In molluscs, mantle epithelial cells secrete organic matrix proteins to form shells. In this study, we established a culture of mantle epithelial cells by using the mantle pallial layer of scallops. We aimed to identify the mantle epithelial cells expressing scallop shell matrix proteins and establish a culture system of epithelial cells. After the mantle pallial layer was carefully isolated from the mantle tissue, explant culture was performed at 4°C. Most cells that migrated from the explant tissue were round cells. Most of the adhered cells retained round morphology, while some of the cells adhered to the dish and showed morphology similar to that of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells. When the cultured cells were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody against the shell matrix protein, the antibody recognized many of the adhered cells. An estimation of the number of epithelial cells revealed that approximately 70% of the adhered cells were epithelial cells. This is the first report to describe epithelial cells in cultured mantle cells, which express shell matrix proteins. This culture system may be a useful method for characterization of the mantle epithelial cells.     

Optimizing intertidal Pacific oyster (Thunberg) culture, Houhora Harbour, northern New Zealand

Experiments were designed to determine the optimum intertidal rack height and growing density for producing Pacific oysters free of mudworm infestations and flatworm predators in the Houhora Harbour, northern New Zealand. At the same level, oysters grew to a larger size in the front of the farm (seaward) compared with those towards the rear (shoreward). Two experimental ‘step racks’ were constructed to test for the optimum oyster growth rates, oyster condition, shell density and degree of mudworm shell blistering. When experimental results were ranked for each rack level, extreme low water neap (ELWN) was the optimum growing level for the back of the farm, and 0.25 m above ELWN was the optimum growing level for the front of the farm. An efficient kill of flatworm predators was not achieved by any of the control methods tried, so avoidance of infestations is advised. The optimum density of oysters on a 1.2‐m stick required to achieve maximum condition, shell density and ideal shell shape was 4–5 dozen.     

淡水小龙虾头中甲壳素的EDTA法提取工艺研究

以淡水小龙虾头为原料,采用EDTA法提取甲壳素,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验筛选最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明:以13%的EDTA溶液作提取溶剂,在反应温度30℃、pH 12、投料比1∶15、反应25 min的条件下,提取效果最佳,提取率达24.05%,反应前后的脱钙和脱蛋白率分别为100.0%和98.6%。     

核桃壳提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

为明确核桃壳提取物体外抗氧化活性,测定核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2和O2-·的清除率及总抗氧化能力。核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相具有清除DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的能力,且具有一定的还原能力;当样品浓度为2mg·mL-1时,核桃壳乙醇提取物对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的清除能力分别为84.91%、22.98%、33.54%、80.36%,还原力为1.971;其氯仿相对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的清除能力分别为93.42%、49.89%、47.58%、90.64%,还原力为0.998。在试验浓度范围内抗氧化能力与提取物浓度呈正相关,核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相具有体外抗氧化活性。     

花生施用牡蛎壳粉效果试验初报

田间试验表明：花生施用牡蛎壳粉能有效降低花生空秕率,提高花生产量,从而提高经济效益,尤其是NPK＋猪粪＋牡蛎壳粉处理的花生产量、总生物量和经济效益最高,与单施NPK肥相比,分别提高了22.6%、26.7%和9.3%。     

育珠期三角帆蚌的生长及其与珍珠增长的关系

通过对三角帆蚌壳长、壳宽、蚌总重（整体湿重）、内脏团湿重、壳重和珍珠重等指标在5-11月间的逐月连续测定，研究了常规养殖模式下育珠期2龄三角帆蚌在主要生长季节的生长规律及其与珍珠生长的相关性。结果表明：珍珠重(PW)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系分别为PW=0.0008SL3.3946 (R2=0.6948)和PW=0.7809SW1.0227 (R2=0.6888)；而珍珠重(PW)与蚌重(TW)、内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)的关系分别为PW=0.0021TW1.5434 (R2=0.7337)，PW=0.107BW0.9125 (R2=0.7158)和PW=0.0324W1.1259 (R2=0.7101)；三角帆蚌总重(TW)与壳长(SL)、 壳宽(SW)的关系最适合用指数函数进行拟合，其关系式分别为TW=16.003e0.1681SL，(R2=0.7961)，和TW=64.311e0.1372SW (R2=0.6822)；而内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系则适合为幂函数曲线拟合，关系式分别为BW=0.0188SL3.1427，(R2=0.6927)；W=0.0656SL2.7721, (R2=0.8271)和BW=12.446SW0.8974 (R2=0.617)；W=19.876SW0.802 (R2=0.7563)。本研究结果发现，珍珠生长与蚌总重、壳长和壳宽等外部测量指标之间的相关性显著，从而无须通过杀蚌取珠而直接通过这些外部生长指标的测定就能较好地了解珍珠的生长，更好地为珍珠养殖生产和管理提供指导。     

不同日粮组成对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

选用５７６只１５４日龄海赛克斯蛋鸡探讨不同日粮组成对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响。共计３个处理，每个处理４个重复，每个重复４８只鸡，全阶梯三层笼养，自由采食、饮水，进行产蛋率大于８０％的饲养试验。试验期为４周。试验结束后，对各处理的产蛋率、只日产蛋量、料蛋比、破蛋率、每千克蛋耗料成本及蛋的品质指标进行统计分析。试验结果表明，采食３种日粮的试鸡在产蛋量、破蛋率、采食量等指标差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但采食无鱼粉日粮的试鸡料蛋比、死淘率最低，每千克蛋饲料成本最低（Ｐ＜０．０５），且产蛋率最高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、哈氏单位４项指标上３个处理间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

分层正交各向异性板壳非线性有限元分析

采用三维退化等参中厚壳元和分层模型，建立了分析弹塑性和几何非线性各向异性板壳的有限单元法，为克服退化壳元出现剪切和薄膜自锁问题，采用９节点Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｉｓ单元并采用选择积分方法，文末算例表明所编程序的可靠性和通用性。